The European Institute for Underwater Archaeology (or IEASM, after Institut Européen d’Archéologie Sous-Marine) is a non profit organisation under French law. Its mission is to research and explore archaeological sites of historical significance.
IEASM is able to call upon outside experts in archaeology, history, conservation restoration, geophysics, geology and advanced technology as required.
The Institute is involved in the restoration of the artifacts it recovers. It publishes monographs and articles about the excavations and their scientific results. It also aims to present the results of its excavations to a wider public through the publications of books, press articles and films as well as the organisation of exhibitions.
IEASM developped a systematic approach to the archaeological sites. This has led to valuable discoveries adding greatly to our historical knowledge.
made it possible for several institutions to benefit from the excavations.
Since its foundation, the Institute ihas been directed by Franck Goddio who devotes himself entirely to the underwater archaeology and the dissemination of the discoveries through the publication of books and articles as well as the organisation of exhibitions.
The Institute cooperates closely liaison with the authorities in the countries of which it works and under their supervision. For example, the Far Eastern Foundation for Nautical Archaeology (FEFNA), was established in the Philippines with the project of conducting archaeological excavations in Asia, editing scientific publications and ensuring that the artifacts are exhibited to the public.
The Institute subscribes to the standards of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.
The multinational and interdisciplinary excavation teams are composed of professionals, scientists and experts as required by each of the missions:
OCMA
In 2003, IEASM, the Hilti Foundation and Oxford University have established the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology (OCMA). OCMA is an intramural research centre at the university’s School of Archaeology.
OCMA teaches maritime archaeology at an undergraduate and postgraduate level and runs conferences on the subject. Postgraduate students are able to examine the artifacts discovered by IEASM. OCMA supervises doctoral theses as well and scientific papers including those on the excavations and results of IEASM. To date, three doctorates have been awarded and three others are in progress.
The monographs published in collaboration with OCMA form part of the monograph series of the School of Archaeology. All the titles are subject to an internal review process by members of the School of Archaelogy, the Oriental Institute of Egyptology and the Ashmolean Museum. Each title is also peer reviewed by relevant experts from outside institutions.
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The aim of the research project initiated in 1992 by the European Institute of Underwater Archaeology in Egypt was to map the ancient topography of the now submerged areas of the East Alexandria Port (Portus Magnus). To meet this challenge the IEASM implemented a methodology already proven in the identification and scientific excavation of several wrecks such as the galleon San Diego (1991-1994) in the waters of the Philippines. It allowed a general understanding of the site to be gained before excavation.
In its goals and principles, underwater archaeology is no different from terrestrial archaeology. However, the aquatic environment imposes special constraints to which research techniques must be adapted. Before any archaeological excavation, the IEASM practices an original and systematic non-intrusive approach to marine sites, based on geophysical prospecting.
General publications »
The Institute and its president Franck Goddio take actively part in the presentation of the excavations’ results and in the disclosure of the knowledge acquired by research to a wider public through the publication of books and specialized articles.
The Institute also participates in documentaries as well as television programmes opening access to videos and images which document the research as the excavations gradually progress. Bibliography »
Scientific publications »
Beginning in 1986, a series of scientific works have been published in collaboration with different publishing houses.
Since its foundation in 2003, the Oxford Center for Maritime Archaeology (OCMA [link »]) is in charge of the scientific publications of the IEASM missions as well as the studies on the excavations’ artifacts which are carried out by PhD candidates and researchers from Oxford University and other academic institutions.
These publications are part of the collection of monographs of the Oxford School of Archaeology. The redaction of the works is supervised by an internal revision committee and a scientific steering committee which is composed of the principal teaching staff of the School of Archaeology, the Department of Egyptology and the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology. This way, each title is submitted for peer evaluation. Bibliography »
The monographs are distributed world-wide by Oxbow Books and can be ordered at their website: [link »]
Franck Goddio is the founding president of the European Institute for Underwater Archaeology (IEASM) and the Far Eastern Foundation for Nautical Archaeology (FEFNA) in the Philippines. He is also the co-founder of the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology (OCMA). He was recently appointed Senior Visiting Lecturer by the School of Archaeology at Oxford University.
Since 1985 Franck Goddio has initiated and coordinated research and excavations in the Philippines in cooperation with the National Museum in Manila. Notably, ten South-East Asian junks and ships (from the 11th to the 16th century), three Spanish galleons - San Diego (1600), the Nuestra Señora de la Vida (17th century), the San José (1794) - and two ships of the East India Company - the Griffin (1761) and the Royal Captain (1773) - have been subject to archaeological analysis.
In Egypt, Franck Goddio directs, in collaboration with the Supreme Council for Antiquities, the explorations and underwater excavation in the Great Habour of Alexandria, where innovative working methods had to be devised for this heavily polluted and intensely sedimented area. In 1996, research resulted in a detailed cartography of the Eastern port of the city and its surroundings from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. The current operations are aimed at studying the structure of the sites that once were erected near the palace or coastal buildings and thus putting in context the natural phenomena which finally led to the destruction of the site.
In the same year, employing the same scientific methodology, Franck Goddio launched an extensive geophysical survey with the object of mapping the submerged region of ancient Canopus situated about 20 miles north-east of Alexandria. This resulted in the identification of outline of the region, the position of the old river-bed of the western arm of the Nile and the slocation and topography of the principal archaeological deposits from the Late Period in the Islamic age. The cities of Canopus East and Thonis-Heracleion, discovered in 1997 and in 2000, are also currently being excavated under the direction Franck Goddio’s direction.
Publications (selected) :
F. Goddio, D. Fabre (eds), Alexandria. The Topography of the Portus Magnus. Underwater archaeology in the Eastern Port of Alexandria in Egypt, Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph, OCMA, Oxford, en prep.
F. Goddio, « Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria, two ancient Egyptian Emporia », in D. Robinson, A. Wilson (eds.), Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean, Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 6, OCMA, Oxford, 2011, p. 121-37.
F. Goddio, « Geophysical Survey in the Submerged Canopic Region », in D. Robinson, A. Wilson (eds.), Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 5, OCMA, Oxford, 2010, p. 3-13.
F. Goddio, D. Fabre, « The Development and Operation of the Portus Magnus in Alexandria : an Overview », in D. Robinson, A. Wilson (eds.), Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 5, OCMA, Oxford, 2010, p. 53-74.
F. Goddio, The Topography and Excavation of Heracleion-Thonis and East Canopus (1996-2006). Underwater Archaeology in the Canopic Region, Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 1, OCMA, Oxford, 2007
F. Goddio, et al., Trésor de porcelaines - L’étrange voyage de la jonque Lena, Periplus, London, 2002.
The Institute and the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology (OCMA) jointly teach classes and organise symposia and conferences on underwater archaeology. The resulting papers are published under the auspices of OCMA.
SYMPOSIA ORGANIZED BY OCMA :
Heracleion in context: The maritime economy of the Egyptian Late Period
The Queen’s College, University of Oxford : 15-17 March 2013.
OCMA - Symposium Oxford
To be published
Cleopatra and the End of the Hellenistic world
Pennsylvania University and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, USA : 29-30 October 2010
Franklin Institute
OCMA - Symposium Philadelphia
East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japon : 2-3 July 2009
OCMA - Symposium Tokyo
Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean
Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Espagne : 18-20 September 2008
OCMA - Symposium Madrid
Publication
The Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta: 8th century BC to 8th century AD
Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Allemagne : 28-30 July 2006
OCMA - Symposium Berlin
Publication
Alexandria : City and Harbour
St Hugh’s College, Oxford, Grande Bretagne : 18-19 december 2004
OCMA - Symposium Oxford
Publication
CONFERENCES AND PRESENTATIONS :
Goddio, Franck: The Celebration of the Mysteries of Osiris in the Submerged Canopic region, From Epigraphy to Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Oxford, November 18th, 2013.
Grataloup, Catherine: Herakleion: Saïte imported Pottery and new Element about Vase of Persian Period-Local Dynasties, Naukratis Workshop, 16th-17th December 2011, British Museum, Londres.
Grataloup, Catherine: The ceramic evidence from Herakleion and Alexandria from the Ptolemaic to the early Roman periods. Cleopatra Sypmposium, 29-30 October 2010, Philadelphie, USA.
Goddio, Franck: La prospección subacuática, clave de la protección del patrimonio sumergido, in conférence sur la protection du patrimoine maritime submergé, 13-15 April 2010, Museo Naval Madrid.
Goddio, Franck.: Underwater Archaeology in the Philippines, 1985-2009, OCMA Special Lecture, 18 November 2009, Oxford.
Fabre, David and Belov Alexander: The shipwrecks of Heracleion-Thonis (Egypt) : An Overview, in Galina A. Belova, Achievements and Problems of Modern Egyptology. International Conference, Moscow, 29 September - 3 October 2009, Moscow
Fabre, David: The shipwrecks of Heracleion-Thonis (Egypt). Preliminary Study and Research Perspectives, in East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route. Waseda University, Tokyo, 2-3 July 2009, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: The ports and cities of the submerged Canopic region, in East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route, Waseda University, Tokyo, 2-3 July 2009, OCMA.
Grataloup, Catherine: Ceramic of Herakleion: Preliminary Study of an Underwater Survey in the Western Area of the Egyptian Delta. Nile Delta WOrkshop: Egyptians and Foreigners in the Nile Delta: Trade and Interaction, 20 June 2009, British Museum, Londres.
Goddio, Franck: The harbours of the Alexandrian coast : Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria, in Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean. Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, 18-20 September 2008, OCMA.
Fabre, David: The organisation of maritime Trade in ancient Egypt : the Example of Heraclieon-Thonis, in Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean. Université Carlos III, Madrid, 18-20 September 2008, OCMA.
Dupoizat, Marie-France: The Ceramic of the "Investigator" Shipwreck. Symposium on the Chinese Export ceramic Trade in Southeast Asia. National Library Board, Singapore, 12-14th March 2007. in prep.
Goddio, Franck: Herakleion-Thonis : A Port of Entry into Egypt. Location and Preliminary Topography of the City, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Nur, Amos: Destructive Earthquakes in Alexandria and Aboukir Bay, In Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: The Enigma of the Cities of Heracleion and Thonis Revealed., in European Egyptologists, a gaze at the future, 19-24 September 2006, Cracaw.
Robinson, Zoe: Living with Metals in Hellenistic Egypt : New Finds from Heracleion-Thonis, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Kiss, Zsolt: Le Dieu Nil hellénistique : A propos dune sculpture de Canope, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Libonati, Emma S.: Hydreios Statues from the IEASM Excavation in Aboukir Bay, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 juillet 2006, OCMA.
Stolz, Yvonne: Jewellery finds fom site T in Aboukir Bay, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Bomhard (von) Sophie A.: The Naos of the Decades : The discovery of the New Fragment and their Contribution to the Interpretation of the Monument, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Grataloup, Catherine, Fabre David: Heracleion : Occupation and trade evidence from the late Period to the Ptolemaic period, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006 OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: Underwater archaeology : Method and techology, March 2006, Journées du Patrimoine archéologique, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila.
Goddio, Franck: Travaux récents dans la région d’Alexandrie, 16 May 2005, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: Les découvertes du Prince Omar Toussoun en baie d’Aboukir in Omar Toussoun et ses découvertes à Alexandrie, 17 February 2005, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: General topography of the Portus Magnus : Interpretating the excavations (1992-2000), in Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, St Hugh’s College Oxford, 18-19 December 2004, OCMA.
Stanley, Jean-Daniel. et Landau E.: Submergence of Archaeological Sites in Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour, in Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, St Hugh’s College Oxford 18-19 December 2004, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: Thonis-Heracleion : transfer of the Emporium to the Portus Magnus, 7 November 2004, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Yoyotte, Jean et Goddio, Franck: Découverte d’Héraklion d’Egypte dans la baie d’Aboukir, 24 June 2004, auditorium du Louvre, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Thonis-Heracleion, antique Emporium d’Egypte : mythe et réalité, May 2004, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: Archéologie sous-marine : méthodes et techniques, May 2001, La Havane.
Goddio, Franck: The Topography of the Portus Magnus, 10 April 2001, The Bristish Museum, Londres.
Goddio, Franck: Trésor englouti : Céramiques chinoise du XVe siècle provenant de la jonque Lena, 6 April 2001, Collection Baur, Genève.
Goddio, Franck: Les dernières fouilles à Alexandrie, December 2002, Unesco, Alexandrie.
Crick, Monique: Typologie des porcelaines provenant de la jonque Lena, Colloque de la SFECO, 23-24 November 2000, Musée Cernuschi, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Fouille d’une jonque de l’époque Hongzhi aux Philippines, Colloque de la SFECO, 23-24 November 2000, Musée Cernuschi, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Underwater archaeological survey of Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour, in International Workshop on Submarine Archaeology and Coastal Management, Alexandria 7-11 April 1997, University of Alexandria and UNESCO.
Dupoizat, Marie-France: The Ceramic Cargo of a Song Dynasty Junk Fond in the Philippines and its Significances in the China-South East Asia Trade, South East Asian and China Art, Interaction & Commerce, colloquies on Art and Archaeology in Asia, 17, Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, London 1995.
SYMPOSIA ORGANIZED BY OCMA :
Heracleion in context: The maritime economy of the Egyptian Late Period
The Queen’s College, University of Oxford : 15-17 March 2013.
OCMA - Symposium Oxford
To be published
Cleopatra and the End of the Hellenistic world
Pennsylvania University and Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, USA : 29-30 October 2010
Franklin Institute
OCMA - Symposium Philadelphia
East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japon : 2-3 July 2009
OCMA - Symposium Tokyo
Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean
Universidad Carlos III Madrid, Espagne : 18-20 September 2008
OCMA - Symposium Madrid
Publication
The Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta: 8th century BC to 8th century AD
Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Allemagne : 28-30 July 2006
OCMA - Symposium Berlin
Publication
Alexandria : City and Harbour
St Hugh’s College, Oxford, Grande Bretagne : 18-19 december 2004
OCMA - Symposium Oxford
Publication
CONFERENCES AND PRESENTATIONS :
Goddio, Franck: The Celebration of the Mysteries of Osiris in the Submerged Canopic region, From Epigraphy to Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Oxford, November 18th, 2013.
Grataloup, Catherine: Herakleion: Saïte imported Pottery and new Element about Vase of Persian Period-Local Dynasties, Naukratis Workshop, 16th-17th December 2011, British Museum, Londres.
Grataloup, Catherine: The ceramic evidence from Herakleion and Alexandria from the Ptolemaic to the early Roman periods. Cleopatra Sypmposium, 29-30 October 2010, Philadelphie, USA.
Goddio, Franck: La prospección subacuática, clave de la protección del patrimonio sumergido, in conférence sur la protection du patrimoine maritime submergé, 13-15 April 2010, Museo Naval Madrid.
Goddio, Franck.: Underwater Archaeology in the Philippines, 1985-2009, OCMA Special Lecture, 18 November 2009, Oxford.
Fabre, David and Belov Alexander: The shipwrecks of Heracleion-Thonis (Egypt) : An Overview, in Galina A. Belova, Achievements and Problems of Modern Egyptology. International Conference, Moscow, 29 September - 3 October 2009, Moscow
Fabre, David: The shipwrecks of Heracleion-Thonis (Egypt). Preliminary Study and Research Perspectives, in East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route. Waseda University, Tokyo, 2-3 July 2009, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: The ports and cities of the submerged Canopic region, in East meets West along the Maritime Silk Route, Waseda University, Tokyo, 2-3 July 2009, OCMA.
Grataloup, Catherine: Ceramic of Herakleion: Preliminary Study of an Underwater Survey in the Western Area of the Egyptian Delta. Nile Delta WOrkshop: Egyptians and Foreigners in the Nile Delta: Trade and Interaction, 20 June 2009, British Museum, Londres.
Goddio, Franck: The harbours of the Alexandrian coast : Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria, in Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean. Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, 18-20 September 2008, OCMA.
Fabre, David: The organisation of maritime Trade in ancient Egypt : the Example of Heraclieon-Thonis, in Maritime Archaeology and Ancient Trade in the Mediterranean. Université Carlos III, Madrid, 18-20 September 2008, OCMA.
Dupoizat, Marie-France: The Ceramic of the "Investigator" Shipwreck. Symposium on the Chinese Export ceramic Trade in Southeast Asia. National Library Board, Singapore, 12-14th March 2007. in prep.
Goddio, Franck: Herakleion-Thonis : A Port of Entry into Egypt. Location and Preliminary Topography of the City, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Nur, Amos: Destructive Earthquakes in Alexandria and Aboukir Bay, In Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: The Enigma of the Cities of Heracleion and Thonis Revealed., in European Egyptologists, a gaze at the future, 19-24 September 2006, Cracaw.
Robinson, Zoe: Living with Metals in Hellenistic Egypt : New Finds from Heracleion-Thonis, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Kiss, Zsolt: Le Dieu Nil hellénistique : A propos dune sculpture de Canope, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Libonati, Emma S.: Hydreios Statues from the IEASM Excavation in Aboukir Bay, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 juillet 2006, OCMA.
Stolz, Yvonne: Jewellery finds fom site T in Aboukir Bay, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Bomhard (von) Sophie A.: The Naos of the Decades : The discovery of the New Fragment and their Contribution to the Interpretation of the Monument, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006, OCMA.
Grataloup, Catherine, Fabre David: Heracleion : Occupation and trade evidence from the late Period to the Ptolemaic period, in the Trade and Topography of Egypt’s North-west Delta : 8th century BC to 8th century AD, Berlin, 28-30 July 2006 OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: Underwater archaeology : Method and techology, March 2006, Journées du Patrimoine archéologique, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila.
Goddio, Franck: Travaux récents dans la région d’Alexandrie, 16 May 2005, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: Les découvertes du Prince Omar Toussoun en baie d’Aboukir in Omar Toussoun et ses découvertes à Alexandrie, 17 February 2005, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: General topography of the Portus Magnus : Interpretating the excavations (1992-2000), in Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, St Hugh’s College Oxford, 18-19 December 2004, OCMA.
Stanley, Jean-Daniel. et Landau E.: Submergence of Archaeological Sites in Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour, in Alexandria and the North-Western Delta, St Hugh’s College Oxford 18-19 December 2004, OCMA.
Goddio, Franck: Thonis-Heracleion : transfer of the Emporium to the Portus Magnus, 7 November 2004, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Yoyotte, Jean et Goddio, Franck: Découverte d’Héraklion d’Egypte dans la baie d’Aboukir, 24 June 2004, auditorium du Louvre, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Thonis-Heracleion, antique Emporium d’Egypte : mythe et réalité, May 2004, Centre culturel français d’Alexandrie.
Goddio, Franck: Archéologie sous-marine : méthodes et techniques, May 2001, La Havane.
Goddio, Franck: The Topography of the Portus Magnus, 10 April 2001, The Bristish Museum, Londres.
Goddio, Franck: Trésor englouti : Céramiques chinoise du XVe siècle provenant de la jonque Lena, 6 April 2001, Collection Baur, Genève.
Goddio, Franck: Les dernières fouilles à Alexandrie, December 2002, Unesco, Alexandrie.
Crick, Monique: Typologie des porcelaines provenant de la jonque Lena, Colloque de la SFECO, 23-24 November 2000, Musée Cernuschi, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Fouille d’une jonque de l’époque Hongzhi aux Philippines, Colloque de la SFECO, 23-24 November 2000, Musée Cernuschi, Paris.
Goddio, Franck: Underwater archaeological survey of Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour, in International Workshop on Submarine Archaeology and Coastal Management, Alexandria 7-11 April 1997, University of Alexandria and UNESCO.
Dupoizat, Marie-France: The Ceramic Cargo of a Song Dynasty Junk Fond in the Philippines and its Significances in the China-South East Asia Trade, South East Asian and China Art, Interaction & Commerce, colloquies on Art and Archaeology in Asia, 17, Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, London 1995.
The activities of IEASM in the field of maritime archaeology are supported by important companies.
For more than fifteen years, the HILTI Foundation has been a loyal patron of all research activities of the IEASM in Egypt. The activities of the Institute are one of the central engagements of the cultural wing of the Foundation.
In the past, other partners such as the Gould Foundation, EADS, Commerzbank and the ELF Foundation have participated in specific projects.
The involvement of institutions like the Association française d’Action artistique (AFAA) at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in France or the Culture Fund of the Communidad Autonoma de Madrid and the Caja Madrid (Spain) in aspects of different projects reflects the interest of European cultural decision-makers in making heritage known to a wider public.
HILTI Foundation
